Pernštejn Castle – the family seat of the Lords of Pernštejn. They founded it – then still as lords of Medlov, a South Moravian town near Brno – sometime between 1270 and 1285. The name of the castle originated from the Czechization of the German Bärenstein (i.e. Bear Stone), probably according to the character of the surrounding region – an intact land of deep forests, bears, wolves and charcoal burners. This is also evidenced by the surrounding names, such as Nedvědice. On the other hand, the legend of the mythical ancestor of the family, the charcoal burner Věňava, who defeated a bison and then brought its severed head to the king, who as a reward for his bravery gave him the landscape on the upper Svratka and the Pernštejn coat of arms with a black bison head, must be considered to be a mere legend serving to embellish the history of Pernštejn. The only thing that can be considered true about this legend is that the first historically documented member of the family, Štěpán of Medlov, explicitly mentioned in the years 1222 – 1223 as a burgrave at the castle of Děvičky, earned the estates in the service of the landowners. And because the Pernštejns gradually became the most important family in the country, richer than the South Bohemian Rosenbergs, their family residence was also one of the most important and most impressive. However, not always: in the 14th century, the family grew into several branches, which was manifested on the one hand in the establishment of new castles (Aueršperk, Pyšolec, Zubštejn) and construction activity in Pernštejn itself, but above all in economic decline and the gradual sale of property. Paradoxically, the decline was stopped by the thinning of the family members, which was followed by the re-expansion of the Pernštejn estates. The reputation of the family increased especially at the beginning of the 15th century under Wilhelm I of Pernštejn (about 1360 – 1426), who worked in the highest offices – he also held the position of Moravian provincial governor. Paradoxically, however, this influential feudal lord did not shy away from expanding his wealth by robberies, which were carried out by companies of various adventurers from Pernštejn. During the Hussite wars, Wilhelm and his sons Bavor and Jan stood on the Hussite side, and therefore the Bishop of Olomouc, Jan Železný, tried to conquer Pernštejn – without success. Vilém’s son Jan (1406 – 1475) successfully continued to multiply the family property and also carried out an extensive reconstruction of the castle, including its repair after a fire in 1460. Until the middle of the 16th century – during the era of Vratislav I, Wilhelm II and Jan II of Pernštejn, called Bohatý (1487 – 1548) – the castle was built briskly, both in terms of expanding the living spaces and improving the castle fortifications. From the forties of the 16th century, however, there was a turnaround in the property relations of the Pernštejn family – mainly due to the unsustainable lifestyle of the family members – and the gradual sale of the estates began. Finally, it came to Pernštejn itself, which was sold in 1596 to Pavel Katharin of Kathar. The family of the Lords of Pernštejn did not survive the sale of their native residence for long – it died out by the sword in 1631. Other families that took turns in owning the castle were the Lichtenstein – Castelcorns (1623 – 1710), the Stockhammers (1710 – 1798), the Schröffel (1798 – 1828) and the Mitrovský of Nemyšl (1828 – 1945). The quality of the castle fortifications was once again shown in 1645, when Pernštejn was unsuccessfully besieged by a Swedish army of 5,800 men. The Swedes did not succeed in causing major damage to the castle, and the traditional damage to the floor of the prismatic tower by artillery, which was to be lowered and romantically modified as a result of this event, and which still co-creates the typical color of the castle, is probably not based on reality. The Pernštejn garrison led by Niklas Fleischinger of Auerspach not only proved high durability, but even managed to harm the Swedes during the siege of Brno. With regard to these events, the castle was included among the provincial fortresses in 1655. However, its importance gradually declined. Fortunately, however, there were no reconstructions that would destroy its authentic medieval character. This danger was especially threatening during the time of the Counts Mitrovský of Nemyšl, when it was supposed to be properly regothicized. In 1945, on the basis of a presidential decree, all the property of the Mitrovský family was confiscated and Pernštejn Castle fell to the state. This extremely important monument is still in his possession today